The National People's Congress


LAW OF SUCCESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

(Adopted at the Third Session of the Sixth National People's
Congress, promulgated by Order No. 24 of the President of the People's
Republic of China on April 10, 1985, and effective as of October 1, 1985)


Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Statutory Succession
Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy
Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
This Law is enacted pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of the
People's Republic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens
to inherit private property.
Article 2
Succession begins at the death of a citizen.
Article 3
Estate denotes the lawful property owned by a citizen personally at the
time of his death, which consists of:
(1) his income;
(2) his houses, savings and articles of everyday use;
(3) his forest trees, livestock and poultry;
(4) his cultural objects, books and reference materials;
(5) means of production lawfully owned by him;
(6) his property rights pertaining to copyright and patent rights; and (7)
his other lawful property.
Article 4
Personal benefits accruing from a contract entered into by an individual
are heritable in accordance with the provisions of this Law. Contracting
by an individual, if permitted by law to be continued by the successor,
shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the contract.
Article 5
Succession shall, after its opening, be handled in accordance with the
provisions of statutory succession; where a will exists, it shall be
handled in accordance with testamentary succession or as legacy; where
there is an agreement for legacy in return for support, the former shall
be handled in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
Article 6
The right to inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall be
exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent.
The right to inheritance or legacy of a person with limited capacity shall
be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent or by such person
himself after obtaining the consent of his statutory agent.
Article 7
A successor shall be disinherited upon his commission of any one of the
following acts:
(1) intentional killing of the decedent;
(2) killing any other successor in fighting over the estate;
(3) a serious act of abandoning or maltreating the decedent; or
(4) a serious act of forging, tampering with or destroying the will.
Article 8
The time limit for institution of legal proceedings pertaining to disputes
over the right to inheritance is two years, counting from the day the
successor became or should have become aware of the violation of his right
to inheritance. No legal proceedings, however, may be instituted after the
expiration of a period of 20 years from the day succession began.

Chapter II Statutory Succession
Article 9
Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.
Article 10
The estate of the decedent shall be inherited in the following order:
First in order: spouse, children, parents.
Second in order: brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal
grandparents. When succession opens, the successor(s) first in order
shall inherit to the exclusion of the successor(s) second in order. The
successor(s) second in order shall inherit in default of any successor
first in order.
The "children" referred to in this Law include legitimate children,
illegitimate children and adopted children, as well as step-children who
supported or were supported by the decedent.
The "parents" referred to in this Law include natural parents and adoptive
parents, as well as step-parents who supported or were supported by the
decedent.
The "brothers and sisters" referred to in this Law include blood brothers
and sisters, brothers and sisters of half blood, adopted brothers and
sisters, as well as step-brothers and step-sisters who supported or were
supported by the decedent.
Article 11
Where a decedent survived his child, the direct lineal descendants of the
predeceased child inherit in subrogation. Descendants who inherit in
subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate their father
or mother was entitled to.
Article 12
Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant
contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall, in relationship
to their parents-in-law, be regarded as successors first in order.
Article 13
Successors same in order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares.
At the time of distributing the estate, due consideration shall be given
to successors who are unable to work and have special financial
difficulties.
At the time of distributing the estate, successors who have made the
predominant contributions in maintaining the decedent or have lived with
the decedent may be given a larger share.
At the time of distributing the estate, successors who had the ability and
were in a position to maintain the decedent but failed to fulfil their
duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of the estate.
Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is
reached among them.
Article 14
An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a
successor, who depended on the support of the decedent and who neither can
work nor has a source of income, or to a person, other than a successor,
who was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.
Article 15
Questions pertaining to succession should be dealt with through
consultation by and among the successors in the spirit of mutual
understanding and mutual accommodation, as well as of amity and unity. The
time and mode for partitioning the estate and the shares shall be decided
by the successors through consultation. If no agreement is reached through
consultation, they may apply to a People's Mediation Committee for
mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.

Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy
Article 16
A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions
of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a
testamentary executor for the purpose. A citizen may, by making a will,
designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal
property.
A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state
or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory
successors.
Article 17
A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency.
A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and
signed by him, specifying the date of its making.
A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more
witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with
the other witness or witnesses and with the testator.
A will made in the form of a sound-recording shall be witnessed by two or
more witnesses.
A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will, which
shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation
is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the
form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be
invalidated.
Article 18
None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will:
(1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity;
(2) successors and legatees; or
(3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and
legatees.
Article 19
Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will
for a successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.
Article 20
A testator may revoke or alter a will he previously made.
Where several wills that have been made conflict with one another in
content, the last one shall prevail.
A notarial will may not be revoked or altered by a testator-written will,
a will written on behalf of the testator, a will in the form of a sound-
recording or a nuncupative will.
Article 21
Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy,
the successor or legatee shall perform them. Anyone who fails to perform
the obligations without proper reasons may, upon request by a relevant
organization or individual, entail nullification of his right to
inheritance by a people's court.
Article 22
Wills made by persons with no capacity or with limited capacity shall be
void. Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those
made under duress or as a result of fraud shall be void.
Forged wills shall be void.
Where a will has been tampered with, the affected parts of it shall be
void.

Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate
Article 23
After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the
death should promptly notify the other successors and the testamentary
executor. If one of the successors knows about the death or if there is no
way to make the notification, the organization to which the decedent
belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers'
committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.
Article 24
Anyone who has in his possession the property of the decedent shall take
good care of such property and no one is allowed to misappropriate it or
contend for it.
Article 25
A successor who, after the opening of succession, disclaims inheritance
should make known his decision before the disposition of the estate. In
the absence of such an indication, he is deemed to have accepted the
inheritance.
A legatee should, within two months from the time he learns of the legacy,
make known whether he accepts it or disclaims it. In the absence of such
an indication within the specified period, he is deemed to have disclaimed
the legacy.
Article 26
If a decedent's estate is partitioned, half of the joint property acquired
by the spouses in the course of their matrimonial life shall, unless
otherwise agreed upon, be first allotted to the surviving spouse as his or
her own property; the remainder shall constitute the decedent's estate.
If the decedent's estate is a component part of the common property of his
family, that portion of the property belonging to the other members of the
family shall first be separated at the time of the partitioning of the
decedent's estate.
Article 27
Under any of the following circumstances, the part of the estate affected
shall be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession:
(1) where inheritance is disclaimed by a testamentary successor or the
legacy is disclaimed by a legatee;
(2) where a testamentary successor is disinherited;
(3) where a testamentary successor or legatee predeceases the testator;
(4) where an invalidated portion of the will involves part of the estate;
or
(5) where no disposition is made under the will for part of the estate.
Article 28
At the time of the partitioning of the estate, reservation shall be made
for the share of an unborn child. The share reserved shall, if the baby is
stillborn, be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession.
Article 29
The partitioning of a decedent's estate shall be conducted in a way
beneficial to the requirements of production and livelihood; it shall not
diminish the usefulness of the estate.
If the estate is unsuitable for partitioning, it may be disposed of by
such means as price evaluation, appropriate compensation or co-ownership.
Article 30
A surviving spouse who remarries is entitled to dispose of the property he
or she has inherited, subject to no interference by any other person.
Article 31
A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with a person who, in
accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in
his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in
return for the right to legacy. A citizen may enter into a legacy-support
agreement with an organization under collective ownership which, in
accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in
his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in
return for the right to legacy.
Article 32
An estate which is left with neither a successor nor a legatee shall
belong to the state or, where the decedent was a member of an organization
under collective ownership before his or her death, to such an
organization.
Article 33
The successor to an estate shall pay all taxes and debts payable by the
decedent according to law, up to the actual value of such estate, unless
the successor pays voluntarily in excess of the limit.
The successor who disclaims inheritance assumes no responsibility for the
payment of taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law.
Article 34
The carrying out of a legacy shall not affect the payment of taxes and
debts payable by the legator according to law.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 35
The people's congress of a national autonomous area may, in accordance
with the principles of this Law and the actual practices of the local
nationality or nationalities with regard to property inheritance, enact
adaptive or supplementary provisions. Provisions made by autonomous
regions shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National
People's Congress for the record. Provisions made by autonomous
prefectures or autonomous counties shall become effective after being
reported to and approved by the standing committee of the people's
congress of the relevant province or autonomous region and shall be
reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for
the record.
Article 36
For inheritance by a Chinese citizen of an estate outside the People's
Republic of China or of an estate of a foreigner within the People's
Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall
apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property,
the law of the place where the property is located shall apply. For
inheritance by a foreigner of an estate within the People's Republic of
China or of an estate of a Chinese citizen outside the People's Republic
of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in
the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law
of the place where the property is located shall apply. Where treaties or
agreements exist between the People's Republic of China and foreign
countries, matters of inheritance shall be handled in accordance with such
treaties or agreements.
Article 37
This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1985.

Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

电力部


印发《关于电网与发电厂、电网与电网并网运行的规定（试行）》的通知
1994年5月21日，电力工业部

各电管局，各省、自治区、直辖市电力局：
根据国务院《电网调度管理条例》的有关规定，为保证电网安全、优质、经济运行和维护并网双方的合法权益，在征求有关部门和单位意见的基础上，部制定了《关于电网与发电厂、电网与电网并网运行的规定（试行）》，现印发给你们，执行中遇到的问题请及时向国家电力调度通信中心反映。
附件：关于电网与发电厂、电网与电网并网运行的规定（试行）

附件：关于电网与发电厂、电网与电网并网运行的规定（试行）

第一章 总 则
第一条 为适应社会主义市场经济规律的要求，保证电网安全、优质、经济运行并维护并网双方的合法权益，根据《电网调度管理条例》的有关规定，制定本规定。
第二条 电网管理部门及其调度机构、并网运行的发电厂（站）、变电站和电网，均应遵守本规定。
第三条 新建需并网运行的发电厂应符合国家有关产业政策和电网的统一规划及并网的技术要求，有关电网管理部门应参加与并网运行有关部分的设计审查工作。
第四条 凡需并网运行的发电厂或电网，必须与有关电网管理部门本着平等互利、协商一致的原则签订并网协议，方可正式并入电网运行。
第五条 并网协议包括并网经济协议、并网调度协议和其它双方认为必要的协议。协议双方应将并网协议分别报上一级主管部门备案。
第六条 并网运行的发电厂或电网，均必须服从电网调度机构的统一调度。对发电厂并网运行的技术要求，应符合国家标准或国务院电力行政主管部门规定的标准。电网并网运行的要求，可参照本规定的原则执行。

第二章 申请并网程序和条件
第七条 凡要求并网运行的发电厂，应在项目设计审查前三个月向有关电网管理部门提出并网申请，由有关电网管理部门审查其是否符合并网运行的要求，并在收到设计审查文件后一个月内作出书面答复。
第八条 申请并网发电厂，必须具备接受电网统一调度的技术装备和管理设施。
第九条 申请并网运行的发电厂的建设应与其配套的送变电工程和二次系统（包括相应的继电保护、安全自动及计量装置、通信、电网调度自动化等）设施按批准的设计同步建成，同步投产，并经有关电网管理部门验收合格。
第十条 发电厂与有关电网管理部门签订并网协议前要求具备：
（一）向有关电网管理部门提供电气主接线图、主要设备参数、联网方式、继电保护和安全自动装置、远动及通信设备等技术资料；水电厂（包括抽水蓄能水电厂）还应提供水工建筑、水文、水库调度曲线（调度图）等资料，核电厂还应提供核岛的有关资料和图纸；
（二）与有关电网调度机构之间的通信设施已按设计建成，并已具备投运条件；
（三）远动设施已按设计建成，有关远动信息具备送入有关电网调度机构的电网调度自动化系统的条件；
（四）根据设计要求安装的继电保护和安全自动装置已具备投运条件；
（五）与并网运行有关的电力、电量计量装置的技术等级应符合国家的有关规定并已安装完毕和进行初步校验；
（六）其它事宜。
第十一条 有关电网管理部门因电网情况变化，为保证电网安全运行而要求发电厂加装有关设备的，发电厂应按其要求加装。
第十二条 电网并网的技术条件，可参照对发电厂的规定执行。
第十三条 对并网运行的电网，还应具备控制联网安全运行的能力。
第十四条 发电厂或电网是否具备正式并网运行条件，应通过发电厂、变电所、线路竣工验收，并网试运行或其它方式进行检验。
第十五条 有关电网管理部门要为需并网运行的发电厂或电网提供必要的技术指导和帮助，并积极为其并网运行创造条件。
第十六条 当并网双方对是否具备并网条件意见不一致时，可由双方上一级管理部门（含电力工业部）协调确定。

第三章 并网经济协议
第十七条 发电厂或电网应当与有关电网管理部门签订并网经济协议。
第十八条 发电厂的上网电量应与有关电网管理部门签订购销协议，并应按国家有关规定协商确定上网电价，按有关规定报国家或省级电价权力部门批准后执行。
第十九条 电网管理部门与发电厂签订的并网经济协议应包括以下内容：
（一）电量购、销条款；
（二）价格条款；
（三）结算条款；
（四）违约责任条款；
（五）奖惩条款；
（六）因对方或自身原因上网电力、电量多（少）于协议规定的计算和考核条款；
（七）技术指标考核及结算条款；
（八）不可抗力的处理条款；
（九）协议修订条款；
（十）协议纠纷处理及仲裁条款；
（十一）其它条款。
第二十条 并网双方事故支援电力、电量的计量及补偿办法，由双方商定并在并网经济协议中明确。
第二十一条 并网经济协议是否需要公证由协议双方协商决定，并网经济协议可经任一协议方所在地公证机关公证。

第四章 并网调度协议
第二十二条 有关电网管理部门在接到发电厂的并网申请后，除对其是否具备并网条件进行审核外，对保证电网安全、须与电网配合的继电保护和安全自动装置的整定值应认真组织计算，下达执行。
第二十三条 电网管理部门与发电厂签订的并网调度协议主要包括以下内容：
（一）并网运行的发电厂必须服从电网统一调度，执行有关的电网调度管理规程，电网调度机构应按发电机组设计能力，同时体现公平、公正、经济、合理的原则以及电网运行的需要，统一安排并网电厂的调峰、调频、调压和事故备用；
（二）由有关电网管理部门核定的发电机组最高、最低技术出力作为有关调度机构安排发电厂日负荷曲线和调峰容量的依据；
（三）有关电网管理部门在编制月度发电计划时，应满足发电厂完成国家下达或协议规定的发电量的运行条件；
（四）发电厂检修计划的编制应统筹考虑电网的需要和发电厂的可能，按电网管理部门批准的计划安排发电厂完成计划检修。检修进度应服从有关调度机构的统一安排，检修安排的变动及临修的申请、批准等，按电网有关规程规定执行。
（五）发电厂应严格按照有关调度机构下达的日负荷曲线运行，误差不应超过±3％，当按《电网调度管理条例》规定改变时，按经济办法结算；对发电厂的机组可用率应有原则规定；
（六）有关电网管理部门对发电厂的继电保护、安全自动装置、通信、电网调度自动化等专业工作实行归口管理，并对这些设备运行情况进行考核；
（七）确定电力（含有功功率和无功功率）、电量和电压的计量点，其量测表计的技术等级应符合国家的有关规定，并定期进行校验。电量计量点原则上应设在设备的产权分界处；
（八）发电厂应按有关电网管理部门的要求，按时、准确地报送有关统计报表及故障录波图等有关资料；
（九）调度管辖范围；
（十）电网安全措施管理；
（十一）调度系统电气值班人员培训、考核及认证办法；
（十二）协议修订办法；
（十三）协议纠纷处理及仲裁办法；
（十四）其它。
第二十四条 根据发电厂机组的容量与接入系统电压等级以及电网的具体情况，由跨省或省级电网管理部门确定与其签订并网调度协议的电网调度机构。
第二十五条 电网与电网签订并网调度协议的内容，可参照对发电厂的规定执行。

第五章 附 则
第二十六条 已并网运行的发电厂或电网尚未签订并网协议的，应在本规定公布后一年内与有关电网管理部门补订协议，并网条件不满足本规定要求的，应在协议中明确完善其并网技术条件的时间。
第二十七条 跨省或省级电网管理部门可以根据本规定，制定具体实施细则。
第二十八条 本规定的解释权属电力工业部。
第二十九条 本规定自颁发之日起试行。