Stratic Advice on Intellectual Property Investment in Asia
苏冉
IssueⅠ: Legal framework of protection on software copyright in P.R.C and Singapore
A) P.R.C
In conjunction with China’s astonishing economic growth over the past two decades, especially after the entrance to WTO, China has steadily improved its legal framework on Software Copyright by checking and clearing large-scale regulations both in domestic and international activities.
Frankly speaking, China joined in three vital international treaties relate to copyright: the Berne Convention , TRIPs and Universal Copyright Convention. Moreover, China and US signed MOU especially for software in January 1992. All these Conventions are regarded as a milestone to reflect China’s dramatic promotion and strong determination to build a satisfactory environment for foreign software investors.
Similarly to US, P.R.C has chosen to protect software under copyright law rather than trademark, patent, or contract law. One year after Copyright Law Amendment in 2001, Chinese Council corrected its software-specific “Computer Software Protection Rules” , to deal with new problems prevailing in software protection nowadays. Under the Rule, software is defined as two particular types: computer program and their relevant documentation. Furthermore, since MOU came into force, computer software is protected as a literary work. Third, according to the conditional nation treatment here, foreigners are required to comply with “connecting factor”, to sum up, either first publication or nationality/residence of the author in China or in any of these countries ,between the work and China or a country who is a member of the WTO, or the Berne Convention. So, despite your software products first being published in US, you can still enjoy the original copyright and the legal protection on in China.
Except from the above rules, other laws also have supportive stipulation on the protection of software copyrights as follows:
(a)The General Principle of Civil Law, the country’s current basic civil law, has authorized the author’s copyright in general;
(b)The Criminal Code has a section of articles referring to piracy offences, with “Dual Punishment Principle” in front of copyright encroachment;
(c)The newly amended Foreign Trade Law (adopted in Feb).
B) Singapore
The general legal framework of software copyright protection in Singapore is almost the same as P.R.C, but with some characteristics of its own. Actually, different from P.R.C based on Civil law background, laws and litigations in Singapore are principally modeled on the English system under Common law system till nowadays. Pursuant to certain legal revolutions, modern copyright legislation contains the same international conventions as P.R.C: the Berne Conventions, Universal Copyright Convention, and TRIPs. But, Singapore signed ASEAN Framework on Intellectual Property Cooperation and the WIPO Copyright Treaty as a member of ASEAN. Turning to its domestic laws, the latest Copyright Act 1999(revised edition) is the principle one, with some other relevant regulations for enforcement. And it also definites software program into literary work under protection. In addition, Singapore owes large resources of case laws so as to make its legal conditions more particular than that in P.R.C.
The amended Act is first purposed to address issues arising from the use of copyright materials in a digital environment, especially provide legal certainty for the use of copyright in cyberspace. For instance, the extension of concept “reproduction” .Second, the Act plays another role in enhancing performer’s rights, offering two new defenses to allegations of copyright infringement. Therefore, merely surfing the Web doesn’t constitute software copyright infringement, if it’s necessary to browse. Even , Singapore passed the Electronic Transactions Act 1998 to give statutory protection of Network Service Providers. At these points, Singapore seemingly forwards a step further than P.R.C, declining its attention on encouraging the growth of a knowledge-based economy and promoting E-commerce and creative innovations. Last but the most significant point, Singapore and the United State signed a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) on May 6th 2003, and entered it into force from January 1st 2004. Virtually, this is the first FTA between US and an Asia country .So it’s doubtlessly the greatest advantage for Singapore to attract US investors, apart from other Asian countries. They would encourage the entrepreneurship, investment, job creation and growth in our own technology, science and creative industries as well as set the stage for Singapore’s emergence as a global IP hub.
Issue Ⅱ: Implementation on Software Copyright Law in P.R.C and Singapore
Sufficient and effective enforcement is more useful and practical than recorded documents, with no exception to P.R.C and Singapore.
(ⅰ)Role of Government
A)P.R.C
Learned from Annual Report on the Protection of Intellectual Property Right in China during the past 5 years by the head officer Jingchuan Wang in TableⅠ , you can see copyright administration at various levels make remarkable progress in encouraging innovation, promoting industrial development, regulating market order, and even improving the opening-up policy.
As a matter of fact, the People’s Courts, the People’s Prosecution Department, National Copyright Administration Centre and Public Security compose the backbone of the implementation of copyright law in China with civil remedies, criminal sensations and administrative punishments, such as fine. And border enforcement assistance to copyright owners by the Customs and Excise Department is also available.
TableⅠ:
The Administration on Software Copyright In P.R.C
Year Registration Prosecute Cases Resolved Cases Resolved Cases Rate Seized Pirates(M) Top 1 Region of Piracy
1999 1,041 1,616 1,515 93.75% 20.14 Shenzhen
2000 3,300 2,457 1,980 95.30% 32.60 Guangdong
2001 4,620 2,683 2,327 97.52% 61.75 Guangdong
2002 4,860 2,740 2,604 99.02% 67.90 Guangdong
2003 5,020 6,120 5,793 97.64% 73.28 Beijing
Statistics from NCAC (National Copyright Administration Centre
Fortunately, China has begun to regard software as an industry with strategic significance while formulating effective policies in areas including anti-piracy and anti-monopoly. To adapt to the legal framework, China has shifted its attention upon educating software users and strengthening the law. “Government departments are being asked to show a good example in using copyrighted software only and make software budget each year”. For example, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong buy over 3,000 software products every year through public bidding. What’s more, the National Software Government Procurement Regulation will probably act in the near future. Eventually, Chinese government is trying to treat all software companies equal in P.R.C, no matter domestic or foreign countries.
Nevertheless, given China’s vast geography and population, it would be an awesome task for the central government to manage pirating activities throughout the entire country. On the other hand, due to lack of resources, the lack of judicial expertise, the unpredictability of trial outcomes, and large costs, litigation in Chinese courts remains a risky and expensive response to Chinese copyright violations. Another administrative difficulty arises from the increasing decentralization of the Chinese government. Much of China's copyright enforcement takes place at the provincial and local levels; the national government lacks the resources and control to effectively monitor nationwide pirating activity and to impose national enforcement policies.
B) Singapore
Switching to Singapore, the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) is its senior administration department, and it leads Singapore to the success in copyright infrastructure. Singapore has announced a number of meaningful standards through requirements for tough penalties to combat piracy and counterfeiting, including, in civil cases, procedures for seizure and destruction of pirated and counterfeit products, and a requirement to provide for statutory and actual damages to remedy such practices. There has been a rule in Singapore that government could only allowed to use copyrighted software since 1996. In order to obtain efficiency, Singapore maintain civil remedies and criminal penalties for circumvention of technology protection measures, and it also has in place implementation allowing for border seizures of infringing articles by customs officials. For example, the copyright infringement is punished with a maximum fine of S$100,000 or five years’ imprisonment or both. So, in comparison to P.R.C, the least time for imprisonment is shorter .But due to the judge’s free power under common law system, the court is increasingly harsh in their sentencing in respect of infringement of copyright. In other words, criminal obligation will become heavier with more limitation in Singapore.
In the contrast with Chinese administrative punishments, Singapore has a large scope of interlocutory remedies to fill in the blank area between civil remedies and criminal sensations, and they are three main types:
(a) the interlocutory injunction---It is an injunction obtained before the trail often with the main objective of maintaining the Stats quo between the parties pending the outcome of the trail. The interlocutory injunction may be in a mandatory or prohibitory form.
(b) the Anton Piller Order---It’s developed from Anton Piller KG v.Mfg Processes Ltd as a safeguard system of evidence for avoiding the defendant to destroy and hide the evidence of copyright infringement, if the plaintiff shows an extremely strong prima facie that his right are being interfered with, or the damage, potential or actual are very serious to the plaintiff, or even there must be clear evidence to proof the defendants faults.
(c) the Norwich Pharmacal Order.---The further expansion of Anton Piller Order to raise over the privilege against self-incrimination from Rank Film Distributors Ltd v. Video Information Centre Virtually . However, case law in Singapore has now established that where the privilege against self-incrimination exists, an undertaking from the plaintiff/ applicant not to use the information obtained in criminal proceedings is not an adequate safeguard for the defendant’s privilege against self-crimination. Singapore courts have also held that they don’t have the power to order that the information be inadmissible in any subsequent criminal prosecution.
Relying on common law foundation, people in Singapore prefer to a lawsuit rather than mediation while more mediation in P.R.C, once in the face of a dispute. Consequently, it would like to be more time and energy consuming somehow, for it costs at least one year of a civil procedure in the High Court of Singapore.
Last but not least, along with legsilation changes, Singapore Administration departments are also mounting a public campaign targeting both consumers and businesses to increase their awareness on the benefits and other implications of the new laws. There’s broad-based public awareness initiatives like the HIP Alliance’s year-long anti-piracy campaign? “The Real thing is the Right thing”, and brain Wave, Singapore’s first reality television show on IP.
(ⅱ)Role of Anti- Piracy Organizations
Both P.R.C and Singapore joined in Business Software Alliance (BSA) ,and WIPO several years ago and established domestic anti-piracy alliances at their own respective locality. The alliances played an active part in combating piracy and protecting the interests of right holders. They always declare laws, promulgate routine reports of current protection on TV, newspapers, and Website and show different points between pirate and authorized products. In the contrast with P.R.C, Singapore has other special disputes resolution organs under its common law system, including the small claims tribunals, E-commerce disputes centre. What’s more, Singapore collaborates with other ASAEN countries to harmonize IP rights with international and regional organizations such as the Office of Harmonization of the Internal Market (OHIM), the European Union, the French National Office of Industrial Property, and IP Australia.
(ⅲ)Introduction of Judgments in Precedent Cases
A) P.R.C
In a landmark verdict on April 16, 1996 against Beijing JuRen Computer, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate Court delivered judgment in favor of the Business Software Alliance (BSA) upholding the plaintiffs' intellectual property rights and ordering the defendant to (a) publicly apologize to the plaintiff; (b) pay over RMB600,000 (US$70,000) in damages, including court costs and accounting costs; (c) pay additional fines directly to the court. The court also ordered the defendant to undertake not to infringe intellectual property rights in the future, and the law enforcement officials to confiscate all computers and software seized during the raid on the defendant's premises. In another case, the same court rendered a judgment against Beijing Giant Computer Co. for software copyright infringement. These were the first cases decided in favor of a US plaintiff in a Chinese court.
河南省《河道管理条例》实施办法
河南省人民政府
河南省《河道管理条例》实施办法
1992年8月15日 省政府令第37号发布
(省政府常务会议审议通过 省政府令一九九二年八月十五日发布)
第一章 总 则
第一条 为加强河道管理,保障防洪安全,发挥河流的综合效益,根据《中华人民共和国河道管理条例》,结合我省实际情况,制定本办法。
第二条 本办法适用于我省境内除黄河、沁河干流外的一切河道(包括湖泊、人工水道、行洪区、蓄洪区、滞洪区)。
河道内的航道,同时适用《中华人民共和国航道管理条例》。
第三条 开发利用河流、湖泊水资源和防治水害,应当全面规划,统筹兼顾,综合利用,讲究效益,服从防洪的总体安排,促进各项事业的发展。
第四条 省人民政府水行政主管部门是全省河道主管机关。
市(地)、县(市)水行政主管部门是本行政区的河道主管机关。
第五条 全省河道实行按水系统一管理和分级管理相结合的原则。
县以上河道主管机关经同级人民政府批准,可以设置专管机构,具体负责辖区内的河道管理工作。
涉及两市(地)以上的主要河道,由省或授权的市(地)河道主管机关设置专管机构实施管理,涉及两县(市)以上的主要河道,由市(地)或授权的县(市)河道主管机关设置专管机构实施管理。
第六条 河道防汛和清障工作实行人民政府行政首长负责制。各级人民政府,要加强本辖区河道管理工作的领导,充分发挥河道主管机关的作用。
第七条 各级河道主管机关、河道专管机构以及河道监理人员,必须按照国家法律、法规,加强河道管理,执行供水计划和防洪调度命令,维护水工程和人民生命财产安全。
第八条 一切单位和个人,都有保护河道堤防安全和参加防汛抢险的义务。
第二章 河道整治与建设
第九条 河道的整治与建设,应服从流域综合规划,符合国家规定的防洪、除涝、通航标准和其它有关技术要求,维护堤防安全,保持河势稳定和行洪、航运通畅。
第十条 修建桥梁、码头和其它设施,必须按照国家规定的防洪标准所确定的河宽进行,不得缩窄行洪通道。
桥梁和栈桥的梁底必须高于设计洪水位,并按照防洪和航运要求,留有一定的超高。设计洪水位由河道主管机关根据防洪规划确定。
跨越河道的管道、线路的净空高度必须符合防洪和航运的要求。
第十一条 交通部门进行航道整治,应当符合防洪安全要求,并事先征求河道主管机关对有关设计和计划的意见。
水利部门进行河道整治涉及航道的,应当兼顾航运的需要,并事先征求交通部门对有关设计和计划的意见。
在重要的渔业水域进行河道、航道整治,建设单位应当兼顾渔业发展的需要,并事先将有关设计和计划送同级渔业主管部门征求意见。
第十二条 修建开发水利、防治水害、整治河道的各类工程和跨河、穿河、穿堤、临河的桥梁、码头、道路、渡口、管道、缆线等建筑物及设施,建设单位必须按照河道管理权限,将工程建设方案报送河道主管机关审查同意后,方可按照基本建设程序履行审批手续。建设项目经批准后
,建设单位应将施工安排告知河道主管机关。
需要破堤的工程,施工时应有河道管理人员监督施工,竣工后建设单位应按原标准进行修复。跨汛期施工的工程项目,应与河道主管机关商定汛期安全措施。
第十三条 河道上所有新建建筑物及设施,必须经河道主管机关验收合格后方可启用,并服从河道主管机关的安全管理;不符合设计标准或质量有重大缺陷的,不得投入使用。
第十四条 堤防上已修建的涵闸、泵站和埋设的穿堤管道、缆线等建筑物及设施,河道主管机关应当定期检查,对不符合工程安全要求的应限期改建。
第十五条 城乡建设不得占用河道滩地。城镇规划的临河界限,由河道主管机关会同城镇规划等有关部门确定。沿河城镇在编制和审查城镇规划时,应事先征求河道主管机关的意见。
第十六条 河道岸线的利用和建设,应当服从河道整治规划和航道整治规划。计划部门在审批利用河道岸线的建设项目时,应当事先征求河道主管机关的意见。
河道岸线的界限,由河道主管机关会同交通等有关部门报县级以上人民政府划定。
第十七条 河道清淤、加固维修堤防和堤防锥探灌浆取土以及按照防洪规划进行河道整治需要占用的土地,由当地人民政府调剂解决。
因修建水库、整治河道所增加的可利用土地,属国家所有。可以由县级以上人民政府用于移民安置和河道整治工程。
第十八条 省内以河道为边界或跨行政区域的河道的整治与建设,按照下列规定执行:
(一)位于边界的河道和水工程,应严格执行有关方面共同商定的边界水利协议;
(二)在跨行政区域的河道上,未经统一规划和双方协议,上游不准扩大排水,下游不准设置阻水障碍缩小河道的排水能力;
(三)执行协议过程中发生异议,应报请上一级河道主管机关裁决,上级未裁决前,任何一方不得变更协议,强行施工。
第三章 河道保护与管理
第十九条 有堤防的河道,其管理范围为两岸堤防之间的水域、沙洲、滩地(包括可耕地)、行洪区、两岸堤防及护堤地。
无堤防的河道,其管理范围根据历史最高洪水位或者设计洪水位确定。
第二十条 全省河道及其主要水工程的管理范围是:
(一)淮河干流、洪汝河、唐白河、沙颖河、北汝河、澧河、伊洛河、卫河、共产主义渠等河道的重要防洪堤段护堤地临河堤脚外五米,背河堤脚外八米;上述河道的一般堤段和惠济河、涡河、汾泉河等河道堤防护堤地临河堤脚外三米,背河堤脚外五米。险工堤段护堤地,应适当加宽。
(二)水闸、水电站:大型的上、下游各二百米,中型的上、下游各一百米。
(三)滞洪区:滞洪堤临水坡脚外十米,背水坡脚外五米。
(四)其它河道的管理范围,由当地河道主管机关根据本《办法》第十九条规定的原则提出意见,报同级人民政府批准划定。
对已划定的管理范围,由河道管理单位立标定界,实施管理。
第二十一条 在河道管理范围内,水域和土地的利用应服从河道行洪、输水、安全和航运的要求;滩地利用,由当地河道主管机关会同土地管理等有关部门制订规划,报县级以上人民政府批准后实施。
第二十二条 禁止损坏堤防(含护堤林木、草皮)、护岸、闸坝等水工程建筑物和防汛设施、水文监测设施、河岸地质监测设施以及通讯照明等设施。
在防汛抢险和雨雪后堤顶泥泞期间,除防汛抢险车辆外,禁止其他车辆通行。
第二十三条 禁止非管理人员操作河道上的涵闸闸门,禁止任何组织和个人干扰河道管理单位的正常工作。
第二十四条 在河道管理范围内禁止进行下列活动:
(一)修建围堤、阻水渠道、阻水道路;
(二)种植高秆作物、荻苇、杞柳和树木(堤防防护林除外);
(三)设置拦河渔具;
(四)弃置或倾倒矿渣、石渣、煤灰、泥土、垃圾等。
第二十五条 在堤防和护堤地内禁止进行下列活动:
(一)在堤身种植农作物、铲草、放牧、晒粮、堆放物料等;
(二)建房、开渠、打井、挖窖、葬坟、建窑;
(三)开采地下资源、进行考古发掘以及开展集市贸易活动。
第二十六条 确需利用堤顶、闸坝或者戗台兼做公路的,须经上级河道主管机关批准。堤身和堤顶公路的管理和维护办法,由省河道主管机关会同交通部门制定。
第二十七条 在河道管理范围内进行下列活动,必须报经河道主管机关批准,涉及其他部门的,由河道主管机关会同有关部门批准:
(一)采砂、取土、淘金、弃置砂石或者淤泥;
(二)爆破、钻探、挖筑鱼塘;
(三)在河道滩地存放物料、修建厂房或者其他建筑设施;
(四)在河道滩地开采地下资源及进行考古发掘;
(五)在非公路堤段的堤防上通行机动车辆;
(六)修筑拦河工程。
第二十八条 根据堤防的重要程度、堤基土质条件等,河道主管机关报经县级以上人民政府批准,在与河道管理范围相连地域划定堤防安全保护区。
本办法第二十条所列河道的防洪堤防安全保护区为五十米,一般堤防安全保护区不少于三十米。在堤防安全保护区内,禁止采石、取土、挖坑、打井、建窑、葬坟、钻探、爆破、挖筑鱼塘及其它危及堤防安全的活动。
第二十九条 禁止围湖造田和在滞洪区内围田,已经围垦的,应当按照国家规定的防洪标准进行治理、退田。
禁止围垦河流,确需围垦的,必须经过科学论证,并提出书面报告经省河道主管机关审查报省人民政府批准。
第三十条 加强河道滩地、堤防和河岸的水土保持工作,防止水土流失、河道淤积。引黄灌区,应加强引黄退水监测管理,退水含沙量不得超过河道主管机关规定的限额标准。
第三十一条 河流故道、旧堤、原有工程设施等,非经河道主管机关批准,不得填堵、占用或者拆毁。
第三十二条 护堤、护岸林木,由河道管理单位组织营造和管理,其他任何单位和个人不得侵占、砍伐或者破坏。
河道管理单位对护堤、护岸林木进行抚育和更新性质的采伐及用于防汛抢险的采伐,免交育林基金。
第三十三条 在为保证堤岸安全需要限制航速的河段,当地河道主管机关应当会同交通部门设立限制航速的标志,通行的船舶不得超速行驶。
第三十四条 山区河道有山体滑坡、崩岸、泥石流等自然灾害的河段,河道主管机关应当会同地质、交通等部门加强监测。在上述河段,禁止从事开山采石、采矿、开荒等危及山体稳定的活动。
第三十五条 向河道、湖泊排污的排污口的设置和扩大,排污单位在向当地环境保护部门申报之前,应当征得河道主管机关的同意。
第三十六条 在河道管理范围内,禁止堆放、倾倒、掩埋、排放污染水体的物体,禁止在河道内清洗装贮过油类或者有毒污染物的车辆、容器。
河道主管机关应当开展河道水质监测工作,协同环境保护部门对水污染防治实施监督管理;积极协同有关部门改善水源条件,对危害人体健康和农业生产的水源区域,配合有关部门设置有害标志。
第三十七条 所有河道应实行专业管理与群众管理相结合的办法。沿河乡(镇)、城市街道、村(居)民委员会可根据河道管理任务的大小,建立群众性的河道管理组织,协助河道管理单位做好河道管理工作。
第四章 河道清障
第三十八条 河道主管机关对在河道管理范围内的阻水障碍物,按照“谁设障、谁清除”的原则,提出清障计划和实施方案,由防汛指挥部责令设障者在规定的期限内清除。逾期不清除的,由防汛指挥部组织强行清除,并由设障者负担全部清障费用。
河道清障后,应立标划界,严禁再设新的阻水障碍。
第三十九条 对壅水、阻水严重的桥梁、引道、码头、横滩渠、生产堤、拦水坝和其它工程设施,由河道主管机关按照国家规定的防洪标准提出处理意见并报当地县以上人民政府批准,责成原建设单位在规定的期限内改建或者拆除。汛期影响防洪安全的,必须服从防汛指挥部的紧急处
理决定。
第五章 经费管理
第四十条 河道工程的防汛岁修费,按照分级管理的原则,分别由省和市(地)、县(市)财政负担,列入各级财政预算。
第四十一条 受益范围内的堤防、护岸、水闸、圩垸和排涝工程设施,河道主管机关可以向受益的工商企业等单位和农户收取河道工程修建维护管理费。收费的具体标准和计收管理办法,由省水利厅会同省物价局、财政厅另行制定,报省政府批准后执行。
第四十二条 在河道管理范围内采砂、取土、淘金,必须按照经批准的范围和作业方式进行,并向河道主管机关缴纳管理费。具体收费标准,按国务院有关部门的规定执行。
第四十三条 任何单位和个人,凡对堤防、护岸和其他水工程设施造成损坏或者造成河道淤积的,由责任者负责修复、清淤或者承担维修费用。
第四十四条 河道主管机关按规定收取的各项费用,应用于河道堤防工程的建设、管理维修和设施的更新改造。资金使用计划,应经上级主管机关批准,受同级财政、审计部门监督,结余资金可以连年结转使用,任何部门不得截取或挪用。
第四十五条 河道两岸的农村和城镇,当地县级以上人民政府可以在汛期组织堤防保护区域的单位或个人义务出工,对河道堤防工程进行维修和加固。
河道主管机关应在每年的汛期前后,将河道维修和渡汛需要的义务工数量,报告同级人民政府。
第六章 罚 则
第四十六条 违反《条例》和本办法规定的,由县以上河道主管部门或者有关主管部门按照《条例》第六章规定责令纠正违法行为、采取补救措施、赔偿损失或给予行政处分处理外,对其中并处罚款的,按下列标准执行:
(一)在堤身建房、建窑、开渠、挖窖、葬坟、开采地下资源以及进行集市贸易的,处五十元至五百元罚款。
(二)在堤防上铲草、放牧、晒粮和在行洪滩地种植高秆作物,处二十元至一百元罚款。
(三)擅自占用堤防、行洪滩地堆放料物、砂石的,处二十元至二百元罚款。
(四)在河道行洪范围内弃置、堆放垃圾、矿渣、煤灰、泥土、石渣等物体的,每立方米罚款八元至十二元。
(五)在行洪滩地内种植阻水林木、条类、荻苇的,每亩处一百至二百元罚款。
(六)在河道管理范围内修建阻水围堤、阻水渠道、阻水道路的,处一百至二千元罚款。
(七)未经批准或者不按河道主管机关的规定,在河道管理范围内采砂、取土、淘金、爆破、钻探、挖筑鱼塘的,处五十至一千元罚款。
(八)盗窃毁坏防汛、水文监测、测量及通讯、照明设施的,损毁堤防、护岸、闸坝及建筑物的,除处以三百至二千元罚款外,视情节依法惩处。
第四十七条 当事人对处罚决定不服的,可以在接到处罚通知之日起十五日内,向作业处罚决定机关的上一级机关申请复议;对复议决定不服的,可以在接到复议决定之日起十五日内,向人民法院起诉。当事人也可以在接到处罚通知起十五日内,直接向人民法院起诉。当事人逾期不申
请复议或者不向人民法院起诉又不履行处罚决定的,由作出处罚机关申请人民法院强制执行。对治安处罚不服的,按照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》的规定办理。
第四十八条 对违反《条例》及本办法规定,造成国家、集体、个人经济损失的,受害方可以请求县级以上河道主管机关处理。受害方也可以直接向人民法院起诉。
当事人对河道主管机关处理决定不服的,可以在接到通知之日起,十五日内向人民法院起诉。
第四十九条 河道主管机关及管理单位的工作人员以及水政监察人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、营私舞弊的,由其所在单位或者上级主管机关给予行政处分;对公共财产、国家和人民利益造成重大损失的,依法追究刑事责任。
第七章 附 则
第五十条 本办法执行中的具体问题由省水利厅负责解释。
第五十一条 本办法自发布之日起施行。过去我省有关河道管理方面的规定,凡与本办法相抵触的,一律按本办法执行。
1992年8月15日